1. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13, Nishi7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
2. Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13, Nishi7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
3. Department of Oral Functional Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13, Nishi7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
4. Industrial Research Institute, Industrial Technology and Environment Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
5. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Health and Medical Research Institute, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
6. Department of Oral Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13, Nishi7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan