The Pharmacological Treatment of Chronic Pain: From Guidelines to Daily Clinical Practice

Author:

Marcianò Gianmarco1ORCID,Vocca Cristina1,Evangelista Maurizio2ORCID,Palleria Caterina1,Muraca Lucia3,Galati Cecilia4,Monea Francesco4,Sportiello Liberata56,De Sarro Giovambattista14ORCID,Capuano Annalisa56,Gallelli Luca147ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Operative Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, “Mater Domini” Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

2. Department of Anesthesia, Resuscitation and Pain Therapy, Sacred Heart Catholic University, 00100 Rome, Italy

3. Department of Primary Care, ASP 7, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

4. Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

5. Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy

6. Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy

7. Medifarmagen Srl, University of Catanzaro and Mater Domini Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

Abstract

In agreement with the International Association for the Study of Pain, chronic pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. To date, there are several types of pain: nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic. In the present narrative review, we evaluated the characteristics of the drugs used for each type of pain, according to guidelines, and their effects in people with comorbidity to reduce the development of severe adverse events.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Pharmaceutical Science

Reference163 articles.

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2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2021). Chronic Pain (Primary and Secondary) in over 16s: Assessment of All Chronic Pain and Management of Chronic Primary Pain, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).

3. Series Chronic Pain 1 Chronic pain: An update on burden, best practices, and new advances;Cohen;Lancet,2021

4. Nociplastic pain: Towards an understanding of prevalent pain conditions;Fitzcharles;Lancet,2021

5. The effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on clinical outcomes, synovial fluid cytokine concentration and signal transduction pathways in knee osteoarthritis. A randomized open label trial;Gallelli;Osteoarthr. Cartil.,2013

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