Evaluating Novel Agarose-Based Buccal Gels Scaffold: Mucoadhesive and Pharmacokinetic Profiling in Healthy Volunteers

Abstract

Agarose (AG) forms hydrocolloid in hot water and possesses a noteworthy gel strength. However, no reasonable scientific work on investigating the mucoadhesive character of AG has been reported. Therefore, the current study was designed to develop AG and carbopol (CP) based buccal gel scaffold for simultaneous release of benzocaine (BZN) and tibezonium iodide (TIB). Gels’ scaffold formulations (F1–F12) were prepared with varied concentrations (0.5–1.25% w/v) of AG and CP alone or their blends (AG-CP) using homogenization technique. The prepared formulations were characterized for solid-state, physicochemical, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo mucoadhesive studies in healthy volunteers. The results showed that mucoadhesive property of AG was concentration dependent but improved by incorporating CP in the scaffolds. The ex vivo mucoadhesive time reached >36 h when AG was used alone or blended with CP at 1% w/v concentration or above. The optimized formulation (F10) depicted >98% drugs release within 8 h and was also storage stable up to six months. The salivary concentration of BZN and TIB from formulation F10 yielded a Cmax value of 9.97 and 8.69 µg/mL at 2 and 6 h (tmax), respectively. In addition, the FTIR, PXRD, and DSC results confirmed the presence of no unwanted interaction among the ingredients. Importantly, the mucoadhesive study performed on healthy volunteers did not provoke any signs of inflammation, pain, or swelling. Clearly, it was found from the results that AG-CP scaffold provided better mucoadhesive properties in comparison to pure AG or CP. Conclusively, the developed AG based mucoadhesive drug delivery system could be considered a potential alternative for delivering drugs through the mucoadhesive buccal route.