Impact of Nutrient Intake on Body Composition in Very Low-Birth Weight Infants Following Early Progressive Enteral Feeding

Author:

Brinkis Rasa1ORCID,Albertsson-Wikland Kerstin2,Šmigelskas Kastytis3ORCID,Vanckavičienė Aurika4,Aldakauskienė Ilona1,Tamelienė Rasa1,Verkauskienė Rasa5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neonatology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania

2. Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden

3. Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania

4. Department of Nursing, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania

5. Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania

Abstract

Preterm infants have increased body adiposity at term-equivalent age and risk of adverse metabolic outcomes. The aim of the study was to define how nutrient intake may impact body composition (BC) of very low-birth weight infants fed with early progressive enteral feeding and standard fortification. Eighty-six infants with <1500 g birth weight were included in the BC study and stratified into extremely preterm (EP) and very preterm (VP) groups. Nutrient intake was calculated during the first 28 days and BC assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry at discharge and by skinfold thickness at 12 months of corrected age (CA). Total nutrient intake did not differ between the groups. EP infants had a higher fat mass percentage at discharge than VP infants (24.8% vs. 19.4%, p < 0.001); lean mass did not differ. None of the nutrients had any impact on BC of EP infants. Protein intake did not result in a higher lean mass in either group; fat intake was a significant predictor of increased fat mass percentage in VP infants at discharge (p = 0.007) and body adiposity at 12 months of CA (p = 0.021). Nutritional needs may depend on gestational age and routine fortification should be used with caution in more mature infants.

Funder

Rotary Club of Chicagoland Lithuanians

Swedish Government

Publisher

MDPI AG

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