1. Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
2. Data for Social Transformation, 1-11-2 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
3. Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
4. Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
5. Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, 3-2-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6234, Japan
6. Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Disease, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0052, Japan
7. Department of Mathematical and Computing Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
8. Faculty of Marine Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 2-1-6, Etchujima, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8533, Japan
9. Ocean Policy Research Institute, Sasakawa Peace Foundation, 1-15-16 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8524, Japan