The Effect of Mediterranean Diet on Thyroid Gland Activity
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Published:2024-05-28
Issue:11
Volume:25
Page:5874
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ISSN:1422-0067
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Container-title:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:IJMS
Author:
Jureško Iva1, Pleić Nikolina1ORCID, Gunjača Ivana1ORCID, Torlak Vesela2, Brdar Dubravka2, Punda Ante2, Polašek Ozren34ORCID, Hayward Caroline5ORCID, Zemunik Tatijana12ORCID, Babić Leko Mirjana1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia 2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia 3. Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia 4. Algebra University College, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia 5. MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
Abstract
The main goal of this research was to determine whether there is a correlation between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS)) and parameters indicating thyroid gland activity, such as concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4)), thyroglobulin (Tg), antibodies to thyroid proteins (thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb)), and calcitonin (CT) in plasma and serum samples. An additional objective was to investigate whether there are differences in the values of the MDSS among clinical groups (euthyroid individuals, euthyroid individuals with positive TgAb and/or TPOAb, and hypothyroid and hyperthyroid participants). This cross-sectional study included 4620 participants over 18 years of age from the islands of Korčula and Vis, and the mainland city of Split. The MDSS was assessed from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). MDSS values were significantly higher in females compared to males and showed a positive association with the age of the participants. There was no significant difference in the MDSS values among the examined clinical groups. In the group of subjects with euthyroidism, a significant positive association was found between fT3 and the MDSS, while in the group of subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism, a significant positive association was observed between the MDSS and both fT3 and fT4. CT levels were also positively associated with the MDSS. Considering the significant positive association of the MDSS and both fT3 and fT4 levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, the results of this study could be used to create guidelines for selecting an appropriate, potentially protective diet for these patients.
Funder
Croatian Science Foundation MRC Human Genetics Unit program Medical Research Council European Commission Framework 6 project EUROSPAN Centre of Competence in Molecular Diagnostics Croatian National Centre of Research Excellence in Personalized Healthcare Republic of Croatia Ministry of Science, Education and Sports CEKOM
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