Papain Injection Creates a Nucleotomy-like Cavity for Testing Gels in Intervertebral Discs

Author:

Jansen Jan Ulrich1ORCID,Teixeira Graciosa Quelhas1ORCID,Vernengo Andrea2ORCID,Grad Sybille2ORCID,Neidlinger-Wilke Cornelia1ORCID,Wilke Hans-Joachim1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre for Trauma Research Ulm, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany

2. AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos, Switzerland

Abstract

Biomaterials, such as hydrogels, have an increasingly important role in the development of regenerative approaches for the intervertebral disc. Since animal models usually resist biomaterial injection due to high intradiscal pressure, preclinical testing of the biomechanical performance of biomaterials after implantation remains difficult. Papain reduces the intradiscal pressure, creates cavities within the disc, and allows for biomaterial injections. But papain digestion needs time, and cadaver experiments that are limited to 24 h for measuring range of motion (ROM) cannot not be combined with papain digestion just yet. In this study, we successfully demonstrate a new organ culture approach, facilitating papain digestion to create cavities in the disc and the testing of ROM, neutral zone (NZ), and disc height. Papain treatment increased the ROM by up to 109.5%, extended NZ by up to 210.9%, and decreased disc height by 1.96 ± 0.74 mm. A median volume of 0.73 mL hydrogel could be injected after papain treatment, and histology revealed a strong loss of proteoglycans in the remaining nucleus tissue. Papain has the same biomechanical effects as known from nucleotomies or herniations and thus creates a disc model to study such pathologies in vitro. This new model can now be used to test the performance of biomaterials.

Funder

European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program

Publisher

MDPI AG

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