An In Silico Study for Expanding the Utility of Cannabidiol in Alzheimer’s Disease Therapeutic Development

Abstract

Cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychoactive component of the cannabis plant, has shown therapeutic potential in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we identified potential CBD targets associated with AD using a drug-target binding affinity prediction model and generated CBD analogs using a genetic algorithm combined with a molecular docking system. As a result, we identified six targets associated with AD: Endothelial NOS (ENOS), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Apolipoprotein E (APOE), Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10), and Presenilin-1 (PSEN1). Furthermore, we generated CBD analogs for each target that optimize for all desired drug-likeness properties and physicochemical property filters, resulting in improved pIC50 values and docking scores compared to CBD. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were applied to analyze each target’s CBD and highest-scoring CBD analogs. The MD simulations revealed that the complexes of ENOS, MPO, and ADAM10 with CBD exhibited high conformational stability, and the APP and PSEN1 complexes with CBD analogs demonstrated even higher conformational stability and lower interaction energy compared to APP and PSEN1 complexes with CBD. These findings demonstrated the capable binding of the six identified targets with CBD and the enhanced binding stability achieved with the developed CBD analogs for each target.