Late-Onset Pompe Disease with Normal Creatine Kinase Levels: The Importance of Rheumatological Suspicion

Abstract

Pompe disease (PD), also defined as acid maltase deficiency, is a rare autosomal recessive disease that causes glycogen accumulation due to a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid α-glucosidase. An excessive amount of undisposed glycogen causes progressive muscle weakness throughout the body. It particularly affects skeletal muscles and the nervous system, especially in the late-onset phase. Here, we present a clinical case of late-onset PD (LOPD) with normal CK (creatinine kinase) values treated after a misdiagnosis of demyelinating motor polyneuropathy and chronic inflammatory neuropathy. The suspicion of possible fibromyalgia induced the patient to seek a rheumatology consultation, and the investigations performed led to the diagnosis of PD. The patient was investigated for genetic and enzymatic studies. PD was diagnosed using the α-glucosidase assay on DBS. In LOPD, clinical manifestations, such as muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, myalgia, or even high hyperCKemia, often appear as nonspecific and may mimic a wide variety of other muscle disorders, such as limb muscle dystrophies, congenital, metabolic, or inflammatory myopathies. In our case, the patient had CK values in the normal range but with continued complaints typical of PD. An analysis of enzyme activity revealed a pathologic value, and genetic analysis identified the c.-32-13T>G mutation in homozygosis. The association of the pathological enzyme value and mutation in homozygosity with LOPD led to a familial segregation study. Our results contribute to the characterization of PD in Italy and support the importance of rheumatologic attention. This suggests further studies are needed to define the broad clinical and pathological spectrum observed in this disease.