The Accuracy and Absolute Reliability of a Knee Surgery Assistance System Based on ArUco-Type Sensors

Author:

León-Muñoz Vicente J.12ORCID,Santonja-Medina Fernando34,Lajara-Marco Francisco1,Lisón-Almagro Alonso J.1,Jiménez-Olivares Jesús5ORCID,Marín-Martínez Carmelo1ORCID,Amor-Jiménez Salvador1,Galián-Muñoz Elena1,López-López Mirian6,Moya-Angeler Joaquín12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, 30003 Murcia, Spain

2. Instituto de Cirugía Avanzada de la Rodilla (ICAR), 30005 Murcia, Spain

3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain

4. Department of Surgery, Paediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain

5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Vega Baja, 03314 Orihuela, Spain

6. Department of Information Technologies, Subdirección General de Tecnologías de la Información, Servicio Murciano de Salud, 30100 Murcia, Spain

Abstract

Recent advances allow the use of Augmented Reality (AR) for many medical procedures. AR via optical navigators to aid various knee surgery techniques (e.g., femoral and tibial osteotomies, ligament reconstructions or menisci transplants) is becoming increasingly frequent. Accuracy in these procedures is essential, but evaluations of this technology still need to be made. Our study aimed to evaluate the system’s accuracy using an in vitro protocol. We hypothesised that the system’s accuracy was equal to or less than 1 mm and 1° for distance and angular measurements, respectively. Our research was an in vitro laboratory with a 316 L steel model. Absolute reliability was assessed according to the Hopkins criteria by seven independent evaluators. Each observer measured the thirty palpation points and the trademarks to acquire direct angular measurements on three occasions separated by at least two weeks. The system’s accuracy in assessing distances had a mean error of 1.203 mm and an uncertainty of 2.062, and for the angular values, a mean error of 0.778° and an uncertainty of 1.438. The intraclass correlation coefficient was for all intra-observer and inter-observers, almost perfect or perfect. The mean error for the distance’s determination was statistically larger than 1 mm (1.203 mm) but with a trivial effect size. The mean error assessing angular values was statistically less than 1°. Our results are similar to those published by other authors in accuracy analyses of AR systems.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Biochemistry,Instrumentation,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics,Analytical Chemistry

Reference40 articles.

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2. The accuracy of acquisition of an imageless computer-assisted system and its implication for knee arthroplasty;Lustig;Knee,2011

3. Marco, L., and Farinella, G.M. (2018). Computer Vision for Assistive Healthcare, Academic Press.

4. Augmented reality and artificial intelligence-assisted surgical navigation: Technique and cadaveric feasibility study;Siemionow;J. Craniovertebral Junction Spine,2020

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