Development and Assessment of a 4D Printing Technique for Space Applications

Abstract

Shape memory polymers (SMPs), a class of polymers exhibiting the unique ability to restore deformation induced during the programming process in response to external stimuli, have garnered significant attention. In this study, our objectives were two-fold: to develop an efficient device for programming SMP hinges crafted from polyetheretherketon (PEEK) and to optimize their performance for potential utilization in space applications. Two versions of the programming device were constructed and compared. Through three systematic experiments, we identified optimal programming and recovery conditions for the hinges, revealing the best shape memory effects (SMEs) at a programming temperature of 250 °C. Remarkably, the hinges were able to recover the previously induced deformation up to 100%, maintaining functionality down to a lower temperature limit of 150 °C. Notably, these hinges demonstrated a wide operational range of over 180°, rendering them promising for space applications, as extensively discussed within the manuscript. However, challenges arise due to the high recovery temperature of 150 °C, presenting obstacles in achieving optimal functionality in the demanding conditions of a space environment.