Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Adults Suffering from Migraine in Spain

Abstract

Considering the significance of migraine and the limited amount of research conducted on its association with depression in population-based studies in Spain, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and change of depression from 2017 to 2020 among adults with migraine in Spain and to analyze the sociodemographic and health-related variables linked to depression in migraine sufferers. A cross-sectional study on 5329 adults with migraine from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 and the European Health Survey in Spain 2020 was performed. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors related to depression. A total of 26.32% of people with migraine suffered from depression. No significant changes in that prevalence between 2017 and 2020 were observed. The risk factors associated with depression included being between the ages of 25 and 44 (p = 0.018), being separated or divorced (p = 0.033), being unemployed (p < 0.001), not engaging in recreational physical activity (p = 0.016), perceiving one’s health as average, poor, or very poor (p < 0.001), experiencing moderate to severe pain in daily activities (p = 0.011, p = 0.004, p < 0.001, respectively), and having 1–2 or ≥3 chronic conditions (p = 0.003, p < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, being married (p = 0.001) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.007) were identified as protective factors.