Multilingual Language Diversity Protects Native Language Production under Different Control Demands

Author:

Kang Keyi12,Xiao Yumeng1,Yu Hanxiang1,Diaz Michele T.3ORCID,Zhang Haoyun12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China

2. Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China

3. Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA

Abstract

The use of multiple languages has been found to influence individuals’ cognitive abilities. Although some studies have also investigated the effect of multilingualism on non-native language proficiency, fewer studies have focused on how multilingual experience affects native language production. This study investigated the effect of multilingualism on native language production, specifically examining control demands through a semantic Go/No-Go picture naming task. The multilingual experience was quantified using language entropy, which measures the uncertainty and diversity of language use. Control demands were achieved by manipulating the proportion of Go (i.e., naming) trials in different conditions. Results showed that as control demands increased, multilingual individuals exhibited poorer behavioral performance and greater brain activation throughout the brain. Moreover, more diverse language use was associated with higher accuracy in naming and more interconnected brain networks with greater involvement of domain-general neural resources and less domain-specific neural resources. Notably, the varied and balanced use of multiple languages enabled multilingual individuals to respond more efficiently to increased task demands during native language production.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Science and Technology Development Fund, Macao S.A.R

Start-up Research Grant

University of Macau

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Neuroscience

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