EEG-Based Seizure Prediction Using Hybrid DenseNet–ViT Network with Attention Fusion

Abstract

Epilepsy seizure prediction is vital for enhancing the quality of life for individuals with epilepsy. In this study, we introduce a novel hybrid deep learning architecture, merging DenseNet and Vision Transformer (ViT) with an attention fusion layer for seizure prediction. DenseNet captures hierarchical features and ensures efficient parameter usage, while ViT offers self-attention mechanisms and global feature representation. The attention fusion layer effectively amalgamates features from both networks, guaranteeing the most relevant information is harnessed for seizure prediction. The raw EEG signals were preprocessed using the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to implement time–frequency analysis and convert EEG signals into time–frequency matrices. Then, they were fed into the proposed hybrid DenseNet–ViT network model to achieve end-to-end seizure prediction. The CHB-MIT dataset, including data from 24 patients, was used for evaluation and the leave-one-out cross-validation method was utilized to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. Our results demonstrate superior performance in seizure prediction, exhibiting high accuracy and low redundancy, which suggests that combining DenseNet, ViT, and the attention mechanism can significantly enhance prediction capabilities and facilitate more precise therapeutic interventions.