DNA Methylation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Biomarker or Pharmacological Target?

Author:

Gholamalizadeh Hanieh12,Amiri-Shahri Maedeh34ORCID,Rasouli Fatemeh34,Ansari Arina34,Baradaran Rahimi Vafa5ORCID,Reza Askari Vahid6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran

2. Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran

3. Student Research Committee, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 94149-75516, Iran

4. Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 94149-75516, Iran

5. Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran

6. Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disabilities with persistent impairments in cognition, communication, and social behavior. Although environmental factors play a role in ASD etiopathogenesis, a growing body of evidence indicates that ASD is highly inherited. In the last two decades, the dramatic rise in the prevalence of ASD has interested researchers to explore the etiologic role of epigenetic marking and incredibly abnormal DNA methylation. This review aimed to explain the current understanding of the association between changes in DNA methylation signatures and ASD in patients or animal models. We reviewed studies reporting alterations in DNA methylation at specific genes as well as epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs). Finally, we hypothesized that specific changes in DNA methylation patterns could be considered a potential biomarker for ASD diagnosis and prognosis and even a target for pharmacological intervention.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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