1. Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Faculty of Political Science, Marmara University, Kadıköy, Istanbul 34722, Türkiye
2. Department of Local Governments, Faculty of Political Science, Marmara University, Kadıköy, Istanbul 34722, Türkiye
3. Independent Researcher, 650 Trailwood Path, Unit D, Bloomfield Hills, MI 48301, USA