A Complex-Type N-Glycan-Specific Lectin Isolated from Green Alga Halimeda borneensis Exhibits Potent Anti-Influenza Virus Activity

Abstract

Marine algal lectins specific for high-mannose N-glycans have attracted attention because they strongly inhibit the entry of enveloped viruses, including influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2, into host cells by binding to high-mannose-type N-glycans on viral surfaces. Here, we report a novel anti-influenza virus lectin (named HBL40), specific for complex-type N-glycans, which was isolated from a marine green alga, Halimeda borneensis. The hemagglutination activity of HBL40 was inhibited with both complex-type N-glycan and O-glycan-linked glycoproteins but not with high-mannose-type N-glycan-linked glycoproteins or any of the monosaccharides examined. In the oligosaccharide-binding experiment using 26 pyridylaminated oligosaccharides, HBL40 only bound to complex-type N-glycans with bi- and triantennary-branched sugar chains. The sialylation, core fucosylation, and the increased number of branched antennae of the N-glycans lowered the binding activity with HBL40. Interestingly, the lectin potently inhibited the infection of influenza virus (A/H3N2/Udorn/72) into NCI-H292 cells at IC50 of 8.02 nM by binding to glycosylated viral hemagglutinin (KD of 1.21 × 10−6 M). HBL40 consisted of two isolectins with slightly different molecular masses to each other that could be separated by reverse-phase HPLC. Both isolectins shared the same 16 N-terminal amino acid sequences. Thus, HBL40 could be useful as an antivirus lectin specific for complex-type N-glycans.