Abstract
Background: Recommendations for the development of school menus can promote healthier, more sustainable food systems. In Spain, these recommendations depend on regional governments (Autonomous Communities—CCAAs) that develop their own guides. The objective of this study was to explore the nutritional and sustainability recommendations for the development of menus by school food services in Spain. Methods: Guides were reviewed that were available on the official web pages of the councils of health and education. Twenty-four variables were studied and organized into three categories: characteristics, nutritional recommendations and sustainability. The number of recommendations included in each guide was counted. The weekly frequency of the suggested food provision for each food group was calculated, as was the average, median, standard deviation, confidence interval and interquartile index. Results: Overall, 13 guides were reviewed from different CCAAs. All of them included at least three of the nutritional recommendations, two suggested restrictions in the provision of foods with high quantities of salt and six suggested restrictions in foods with high levels of trans and saturated fats and sugars. All except one guide recommended the weekly provision of foods by food group: protein-rich foods (n = 8), cereals and root vegetables (n = 6), vegetables (n = 5.2) and fruit (n = 4.3). Of the eight criteria for sustainability studied, nine guides included one or none. Conclusions: Guides for the provision of meals at school in Spain promote the incorporation of healthy foods; however, they rarely restrict foods with high levels of fat, salt and sugar, and the promotion of food sustainability is only just beginning. These guides should be reviewed and updated to include recommendations that promote healthy and sustainable food systems.
Subject
Plant Science,Health Professions (miscellaneous),Health (social science),Microbiology,Food Science
Reference59 articles.
1. Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social (2018). Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2017, Ministerio de Sanidad. Available online: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/encuestaNacional/encuesta2017.htm.
2. Organización Mundial de la Salud (2014). Informe Sobre la Situación Mundial de las Enfermedades no Trasmisibles 2014, OMS. Available online: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/149296/WHONMHNVI15.1spa.pdf.
3. Association of Behavioral Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases with Physical and Mental Health in European Adults Aged 50 Years or Older, 2004–2005;Linardakis;Prev. Chronic Dis.,2015
4. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and body fat during childhood and adolescence: A systematic review;Santos;Public Health Nutr.,2017
5. Childhood Adiposity, Adult Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors;Magnussen;N. Engl. J. Med.,2011
Cited by
3 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献