Integrated Demand Response Programs in Energy Hubs: A Review of Applications, Classifications, Models and Future Directions

Abstract

In the traditional power system, customers respond to their primary electricity consumption pattern based on price or incentive to take additional advantages. By developing energy hubs (EHs) where electricity, heat, natural gas and other forms of energy are coupled together, all types of energy customers, even the inelastic loads, can participate in the demand response (DR) program. This novel vision has led to the concept of “integrated demand response (IDR)”. IDR programs (IDRPs) in EHs involve coordinating multiple DR activities across different energy systems, such as buildings, industrial complexes and transportation networks. The main purpose of IDR is so that multi-energy users can respond not only by shifting or reducing their energy consumption from the demand side, but also by changing the type of energy consumed in response to the dispatching center. The integration of IDRPs in EHs can help to reduce energy costs, improve grid stability and increase the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the power system. Moreover, by synchronizing DR activities across different energy systems, IDRPs can provide additional benefits, such as improved energy efficiency, reduced greenhouse gas emissions and increased resilience to power outages and other disruptions. In this paper, we provide an overview of the IDRP across EH areas, encompassing different aspects of it. First, the nature behind IDRP and its basic concept is introduced. Then, a categorization of fundamental principles within the IDRP is undertaken. Furthermore, modelling formulation and optimization techniques of IDRP in EHs are conducted. In addition to the IDRP content and model, this article deals with the research performed in this field from different perspectives. Finally, the advantages and prospect challenges of IDRPs are discussed.