A New Sinamiin Fish (Actinopterygii) from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand: Implications on the Evolutionary History of the Amiid Lineage

Author:

Deesri Uthumporn1ORCID,Naksri Wilailuck2,Jintasakul Pratueng2,Noda Yoshikazu3ORCID,Yukawa Hirokazu3ORCID,Hossny Tamara El45ORCID,Cavin Lionel5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand

2. Northeastern Research Institute of Petrified Wood and Mineral Resources, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand

3. Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, 51-11 Muroko, Terao, Katsuyama 911-8601, Fukui, Japan

4. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue des Maraîchers 13, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland

5. Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Natural History Museum of Geneva, CP6434, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland

Abstract

The Sinamiidae are a family of halecomorph fishes (Holostei) stratigraphically limited to the Lower Cretaceous and confined to East Asia. The first species of sinamiids were discovered in China, and then new occurrences were recorded in Thailand and Japan. The three recognized genera, Sinamia, Siamamia and Ikechaoamia, are notably characterized by an unpaired parietal. Here, we describe a new genus and species of sinamiid based on material from the Aptian Khok Kruat Formation of Ban Krok Duean Ha, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. The new taxon known from preserved specimens in 3D is characterized by four pairs of extrascapular and tall cylindrical teeth with a conical enamel stalk topped by an arrowhead-shaped acrodine cap, among other characters. A phylogenetic analysis of the halecomorph fishes shows that the new taxon is the sister of the other Thai species, Siamamia naga, and that the two are grouped with two Chinese genera in a strongly supported clade, the Sinamiinae. This subfamily is here grouped with the Amiinae that contained the extant Amia. This new discovery is a clue that Southeast Asia may have been a center of diversification for this fish clade, and the phylogenetic analysis reveals that amiines may have originated somewhere in Asia during the Cretaceous before they spread throughout the northern hemisphere.

Funder

Office of the Higher Education Commission and the Office of Research Fund—Developing the Potential for Research Work of New Generation Teachers

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Nature and Landscape Conservation,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous),Ecological Modeling,Ecology

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