Overexpression of ApHIPP26 from the Hyperaccumulator Arabis paniculata Confers Enhanced Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation to Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that seriously affects metabolism after accumulation in plants, and it also causes adverse effects on humans through the food chain. The HIPP gene family has been shown to be highly tolerant to Cd stress due to its special domain and molecular structure. This study described the Cd-induced gene ApHIPP26 from the hyperaccumulator Arabis paniculata. Its subcellular localization showed that ApHIPP26 was located in the nucleus. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ApHIPP26 exhibited a significant increase in main root length and fresh weight under Cd stress. Compared with wild-type lines, Cd accumulated much more in transgenic Arabidopsis both aboveground and underground. Under Cd stress, the expression of genes related to the absorption and transport of heavy metals underwent different changes in parallel, which were involved in the accumulation and distribution of Cd in plants, such as AtNRAMP6 and AtNRAMP3. Under Cd stress, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase) in the transgenic lines were higher than those in the wild type. The physiological and biochemical indices showed that the proline and chlorophyll contents in the transgenic lines increased significantly after Cd treatment, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased. In addition, the gene expression profile analysis showed that ApHIPP26 improved the tolerance of Arabidopsis to Cd by regulating the changes of related genes in plant hormone signal transduction pathway. In conclusion, ApHIPP26 plays an important role in cadmium tolerance by alleviating oxidative stress and regulating plant hormones, which provides a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of cadmium tolerance in plants and provides new insights for phytoremediation in Cd-contaminated areas.