Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), Raspberry Seed (Rubus idaeus L.), and Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata (Lam.) Essential Oils—Towards Hurdle Technologies in the Production of Chocolate Mousse

Author:

Denkova Zapryana1,Goranov Bogdan1,Blazheva Denica1ORCID,Tomova Teodora1,Teneva Desislava2ORCID,Denkova-Kostova Rositsa3,Slavchev Aleksandar1,Pagán Rafael4ORCID,Degraeve Pascal5ORCID,Kostov Georgi6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department “Microbiology”, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria

2. Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Boulevard, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria

3. Department “Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria

4. Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Calle Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain

5. Bioingénierie et Dynamique Microbienne aux Interfaces Alimentaires Research Unit, IUT Lyon 1, Technopole Alimentec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, 155 rue Henri de Boissieu, 01000 Bourg en Bresse, France

6. Department “Technology of Wine and Beer”, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Abstract

The growing consumer demand for the development of functional foods with a number of benefits for the consumer has led to a considerable increase in the studies focused on examining different natural agents to be included in the composition of newly developed functional foods. The chemical compositions of the essential oils (EOs) of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), raspberry seed (Rubus idaeus L.), and ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata (Lam.)) were determined using gas chromatography with a mass selective detector (GC-MS). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these EOs were examined using a high-throughput 96-well microplate bioassay procedure and the MICs of each EO against each test microorganism were determined. The results indicated significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Salmonella abony NTCC 6017, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NBIMCC 1390, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659, Penicillium chrysogenum ATCC 28089, Fusarium moniliforme ATCC 38932, Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, and Aspergillus flavus ATCC 9643. To explore their potential applications in food preservation, model chocolate mousse food emulsions were prepared that incorporated EOs and/or selected probiotic lactobacilli strains in both free and encapsulated forms. The inclusion of EOs and/or probiotic lactobacilli resulted in enhanced microbial safety and an extended shelf life. Furthermore, the chocolate mousse variants that were biopreserved with the inclusion of probiotic lactobacilli maintained a high viable lactobacillus cell concentration throughout the storage period. As a result, these products would not only be suitable as functional probiotic foods but also as effective delivery vehicles for probiotic lactobacilli.

Funder

Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Computer Science Applications,Process Chemistry and Technology,General Engineering,Instrumentation,General Materials Science

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