Development of a New Sensor Module for an Enhanced Fuel Flexible Operation of Biomass Boilers

Abstract

The heterogeneity of biogenic fuels, and especially biogenic residues with regard to water and ash content, particle size and particle size distribution is challenging for biomass combustion, and limits fuel flexibility. Online fuel characterization as a part of process control could help to optimize combustion processes, increase fuel flexibility and reduce emissions. In this research article, a concept for a new sensor module is presented and first tests are displayed to show its feasibility. The concept is based on the principle of hot air convective drying. The idea is to pass warm air with 90 °C through a bulk of fuel like wood chips and measure different characteristics such as moisture, temperatures and pressure drop over the bulk material as a function over time. These functions are the basis to draw conclusions and estimate relevant fuel properties. To achieve this goal, a test rig with a volume of 0.038 m3 was set up in the laboratory and a series of tests was performed with different fuels (wood chips, saw dust, wood pellets, residues from forestry, corn cobs and biochar). Further tests were carried out with conditioned fuels with defined water and fines contents. The experiments show that characteristic functions arise over time. The central task for the future will be to assign these functions to specific fuel characteristics. Based on the data, the concept for a software for an automated, data-based fuel detection system was designed.