Poly(Thiophene)/Graphene Oxide-Modified Electrodes for Amperometric Glucose Biosensing

Abstract

The availability of fast and non-expensive analytical methods for the determination of widespread interest analytes such as glucose is an object of large relevance; this is so not only in the field of analytical chemistry, but also in medicinal and in food chemistry. In this context, electrochemical biosensors have been proposed in different arrangements, according to the mode of electron transfer between the bioreceptor and the electrode. An efficient immobilization of an enzyme on the electrode surface is essential to assure satisfactory analytical performances of the biosensor in terms of sensitivity, limit of detection, selectivity, and linear range of employment. Here, we report the use of a thiophene monomer, (2,5-di(2-thienyl)thieno [3,2-b]thiophene (dTT-bT), as a precursor of an electrogenerated conducting film to immobilize the glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme on Pt, glassy carbon (GC), and Au electrode surfaces. In addition, the polymer film electrochemically synthetized on a glassy carbon electrode was modified with graphene oxide before the deposition of GOx; the analytical performances of both the arrangements (without and with graphene oxide) in the glucose detection were compared. The biosensor containing graphene oxide showed satisfactory values of linear dynamic range (1.0–10 mM), limit of detection (0.036 mM), and sensitivity (9.4 µA mM−1 cm−2). Finally, it was tested in the determination of glucose in fruit juices; the interference from fructose, saccharose, and ascorbic acid was evaluated.