Growth, Enzymatic, and Transcriptomic Analysis of xyr1 Deletion Reveals a Major Regulator of Plant Biomass-Degrading Enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum
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Published:2024-01-24
Issue:2
Volume:14
Page:148
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ISSN:2218-273X
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Container-title:Biomolecules
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Biomolecules
Author:
Wang Lunji1ORCID, Zhao Yishen12, Chen Siqiao23, Wen Xian12, Anjago Wilfred Mabeche2, Tian Tianchi2, Chen Yajuan24, Zhang Jinfeng2, Deng Sheng2ORCID, Jiu Min1, Fu Pengxiao5, Zhou Dongmei2, Druzhinina Irina S.6ORCID, Wei Lihui2, Daly Paul2ORCID
Affiliation:
1. College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China 2. Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China 3. Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China 4. Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China 5. Jiangsu Coastal Ecological Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, China 6. Department of Accelerated Taxonomy, The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London TW9 3AE, UK
Abstract
The regulation of plant biomass degradation by fungi is critical to the carbon cycle, and applications in bioproducts and biocontrol. Trichoderma harzianum is an important plant biomass degrader, enzyme producer, and biocontrol agent, but few putative major transcriptional regulators have been deleted in this species. The T. harzianum ortholog of the transcriptional activator XYR1/XlnR/XLR-1 was deleted, and the mutant strains were analyzed through growth profiling, enzymatic activities, and transcriptomics on cellulose. From plate cultures, the Δxyr1 mutant had reduced growth on D-xylose, xylan, and cellulose, and from shake-flask cultures with cellulose, the Δxyr1 mutant had ~90% lower β-glucosidase activity, and no detectable β-xylosidase or cellulase activity. The comparison of the transcriptomes from 18 h shake-flask cultures on D-fructose, without a carbon source, and cellulose, showed major effects of XYR1 deletion whereby the Δxyr1 mutant on cellulose was transcriptionally most similar to the cultures without a carbon source. The cellulose induced 43 plant biomass-degrading CAZymes including xylanases as well as cellulases, and most of these had massively lower expression in the Δxyr1 mutant. The expression of a subset of carbon catabolic enzymes, other transcription factors, and sugar transporters was also lower in the Δxyr1 mutant on cellulose. In summary, T. harzianum XYR1 is the master regulator of cellulases and xylanases, as well as regulating carbon catabolic enzymes.
Funder
China Agriculture Research System
Subject
Molecular Biology,Biochemistry
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