A Retrospective Study: Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Inflammatory Markers in Hospitalized Patients
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Published:2024-08-14
Issue:4
Volume:16
Page:735-749
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ISSN:2036-7449
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Container-title:Infectious Disease Reports
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Infectious Disease Reports
Author:
Elnagi Elmoeiz A.1, Al-Maqati Thekra N.1ORCID, Maawadh Rawan M.1ORCID, AlBahrani Salma2, Al Khalaf Faisal Salem1ORCID, Alzahrani Faisal M.3ORCID, Nazzal Wael4, Alanazi Maha5ORCID, Abdali Abdullah S.1, Al Atawi Amjad Saleh1, Al-Jamea Lamiaa H.6ORCID, Alshehri Ahmad Mohammad6ORCID, ALshammari Adnan Awad6, Suliman Rania Saad1, Al Bassam Ibrahim7
Affiliation:
1. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia 2. Internal Medicine Department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia 3. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia 4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia 5. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia 6. Department of Medical Laboratory, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia 7. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact globally, and understanding the relationship between inflammatory markers and disease progression is crucial for effective management. This retrospective study aimed to examine the association between various inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, ferritin, and procalcitonin (PCT), and the characteristics of disease progression and outcomes in individuals affected by COVID-19. Methods: This study collected raw data from 470 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. Results: The logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated LDH levels were associated with male gender, ICU admission, low oxygen saturation (O2 < 93%), the need for mechanical ventilation, death, and the presence of lung infiltrates. Higher D-dimer levels were associated with older age, diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, and low oxygen saturation. Ferritin levels were significantly associated with older age, ICU admission, low oxygen saturation, mechanical ventilation, and lung infiltrates. In contrast, CRP was only significant regarding lung infiltrates and procalcitonin levels were not significantly associated with any of the examined factors. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of monitoring key inflammatory markers, such as LDH, D-dimer, and ferritin, as they are significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19 illness. These findings can inform clinical decision-making and guide the development of targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes.
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