Fungal Glycosidases in Sporothrix Species and Candida albicans

Author:

Ortiz-Ramírez Jorge A.1ORCID,Cuéllar-Cruz Mayra1ORCID,Villagómez-Castro Julio C.1,López-Romero Everardo1

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico

Abstract

Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are enzymes that participate in many biological processes of fungi and other organisms by hydrolyzing glycosidic linkages in glycosides. They play fundamental roles in the degradation of carbohydrates and the assembly of glycoproteins and are important subjects of studies in molecular biology and biochemistry. Based on amino acid sequence similarities and 3-dimensional structures in the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy), they have been classified in 171 families. Members of some of these families also exhibit the activity of trans-glycosydase or glycosyl transferase (GT), i.e., they create a new glycosidic bond in a substrate instead of breaking it. Fungal glycosidases are important for virulence by aiding tissue adhesion and colonization, nutrition, immune evasion, biofilm formation, toxin release, and antibiotic resistance. Here, we review fungal glycosidases with a particular emphasis on Sporothrix species and C. albicans, two well-recognized human pathogens. Covered issues include a brief account of Sporothrix, sporotrichosis, the different types of glycosidases, their substrates, and mechanism of action, recent advances in their identification and characterization, their potential biotechnological applications, and the limitations and challenges of their study given the rather poor available information.

Funder

Dirección de Apoyo a la Investigación y al Posgrado

Universidad de Guanajuato, México

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,Microbiology (medical)

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