The Influence of Ocean Processes on Fine-Scale Changes in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass Boundary Area Structure Based on Acoustic Observations

Author:

Nie Lingyun1ORCID,Li Jianchao12ORCID,Wu Hao1,Zhang Wenchao1,Tian Yongjun12ORCID,Liu Yang1ORCID,Sun Peng1,Ye Zhenjiang1,Ma Shuyang1,Gao Qinfeng3

Affiliation:

1. Research Centre for Deep Sea and Polar Fisheries, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China

2. Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

3. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China

Abstract

The boundary of Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) is a key ocean frontal structure influencing the regional ecosystem. Complex oceanic processes such as tidal currents, upwelling, and internal waves influence fine-scale hydrological structures, comprehensively resulting in a significantly highly productive area for plankton and fisheries. However, detailed research requires inaccessible high-resolution data. To investigate the fine-scale and high-frequency effects of oceanic processes on the local hydrological and ecological environment, we conducted comprehensive cruise acoustic observations and intensive station surveys of the hydrological environment around the YSCWM boundary in summer 2021 and 2022, and found that: (1) fine-scale hydrological structures across the YSCWM boundary were directly captured through this specific intensive station observation design; (2) clear zooplankton diel vertical migration (DVM) phenomena match well with the thermocline variation, showing that acoustics are effective indicators that reflect the water mass layering structure in summer in the YS; and (3) the shear excited by internal waves during propagation and flood tides enhances the upward and downward mixing of the water mass near the thermocline, thus thickening and weakening the layer, an effect that will be more pronounced when both are present at the same time, with ebb tide having the opposite effect. Topographically influenced tidal upwelling also causes significant vertical fluctuations in isotherms. This represents a new way of studying the fine-scale hydrodynamic–hydrologic–ecological aspects of key regions through acoustic remote sensing.

Funder

National Key Research and Development Program of China

National Natural Science Foundation of China

The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences

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