Combined Therapy with Dacarbazine and Hyperthermia Induces Cytotoxicity in A375 and MNT-1 Melanoma Cells

Abstract

Melanoma is a drug-resistant cancer, representing a serious challenge in cancer treatment. Dacarbazine (DTIC) is the standard drug in metastatic melanoma treatment, despite the poor results. Hyperthermia has been proven to potentiate chemotherapy. Hence, this work analyzed the combined action of hyperthermia and DTIC on A375 and MNT-1 cell lines. First, temperatures between 40 °C and 45 °C were tested. The effect of DTIC on cell viability was also investigated after exposures of 24, 48, and 72 h. Then, cells were exposed to 43 °C and to the respective DTIC IC10 or IC20 of each time exposure. Overall, hyperthermia reduced cell viability, however, 45 °C caused an excessive cell death (>90%). Combinational treatment revealed that hyperthermia potentiates DTIC’s effect, but it is dependent on the concentration and temperature used. Also, it has different mechanisms from the treatments alone, delaying A375 cells at the G2/M phase and MNT-1 cells at the S and G2/M phases. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased after treatment with hyperthermia, but the combined treatment showed no additional differences. Also, hyperthermia highly increased the number of A375 early apoptotic cells. These results suggest that combining hyperthermia and DTIC should be more explored to improve melanoma treatment.