An Upfront Two-Stent Strategy for True Coronary Bifurcation Lesions with A Large Side Branch in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Little is known about the upfront two-stent strategy (U2SS) for true coronary bifurcation lesions (CBLs) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We aimed to present our two-year follow-up results on the U2SS by using different two-stent techniques for the true CBL with a large side branch (SB) in ACS patients, including unstable angina (UA), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and to identify independent predictors of the presence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) after intervention. Materials and Methods: The study included 201 consecutive ACS patients with true CBLs who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using U2SS from October 2015 to March 2018. Clinical outcomes at follow-up were assessed. MACE was defined as a composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization (TLR). Results: 31.3% of the patients had an UA, 46.3% had an NSTEMI, and 22.4% had an STEMI. CBL was most frequently located in the left anterior descending (LAD)/diagonal artery (59.2%). In total, 71.1% of the patients had a Medina classification (1,1,1). Overall, 62.2% of cases were treated with mini-crush stenting. Clopidogrel was given in 23.9% of the patients; 71.1% of the patients received everolimus eluting stent (EES); and 11.9% received a sirolimus eluting stent (SES). Final kissing balloon inflation was carried out in all patients, with an unsatisfactory rate of 5%. A proximal optimization technique sequence was successfully carried out in all patients. The MACE incidence was 16.9% with a median follow-up period of 2.1 years. There were seven cardiac deaths (3.5%). The TLR rate was 13.4% (n = 27), with PCI treatment in 16 patients, and coronary artery bypass grafting treatment in 11 patients. After multivariate penalized logistic regression analysis (Firth logistic regression), clopidogrel use (odds ratio (OR): 2.19; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41–2.51; p = 0.007) and SES use (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 0.31–2.64; p = 0.014) were independent predictors of the presence of MACE. Conclusion: U2SS is feasible and safe for the true CBLs with large and diseased SB in ACS patients, and is related to a relatively low incidence of MACE. Clopidogrel use and SES use may predict the MACE development in ACS patients treated using U2SS.