Evaluation of the Levels of Selected Cytokines and Their Possible Influence on the Development of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Complications in Patients after COVID-19

Author:

Stanjek-Cichoracka Anita12,Niedziela Jacek T.34,Łaszewska Anna2,Mędrala Zofia3,Nowowiejska-Wiewióra Alicja3,Kaczmarski Jacek5,Grzanka Alicja6,Gąsior Mariusz34

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland

2. Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland

3. 3rd Department of Cardiology, Silesian Center for Heart Disease, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland

4. 3rd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland

5. Department of Laboratory Diagnostics of Environmental and Civilization Diseases, Section of Coagulation Disorders, Silesian Center for Heart Disease, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland

6. Department of Allergology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of selected cytokines and their possible influence on the development of cardiovascular and pulmonary complications in patients hospitalized at the Silesian Centre for Heart Disease in Zabrze after having undergone COVID-19. Materials and methods: The study included 76 randomly selected patients from the SILCOVID-19 database. The median time from symptom onset to the study visit was 102 (86–118) days. The median age of the study group was 53 (44–60) years. Assays of a panel of 30 cytokines were carried out in the serum of patients on a Luminex100 platform using the Milliplex MAP kit from Merck KGaA Germany. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in most of the cytokines analyzed between patients with confirmed or excluded lung lesions or cardiac abnormalities. Additionally, no statistically significant differences in cytokine concentrations according to gender, age, comorbidity of diabetes, renal disease, hypertension, increased risk of thrombotic disease, or psychological disorders were demonstrated. There were high concentrations of cytokines such as platelet-derived growth actor-AA (PDGF-AA), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), monokine-induced gamma interferon (MIG), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Conclusions: No direct impact of the dependencies between a panel of cytokines and the incidence of cardiovascular and pulmonary complications in patients hospitalized at the Silesian Centre for Heart Disease in Zabrze after having undergone COVID-19 was demonstrated. The demonstration of high levels of certain cytokines (PDGF-AA, VEGF, MIG, and IP10) that are of significance in the development of many lung diseases, as well as cytokines (MCP-1) that influence the aetiopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases seems to be highly concerning in COVID-19 survivors. This group of patients should receive further monitoring of these cytokine levels and diagnostic imaging in order to detect more severe abnormalities as early as possible and administer appropriate therapy.

Funder

Medical University of Silesia

Publisher

MDPI AG

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