Risk Factors for Anticancer Drug-Induced Hyponatremia: An Analysis Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Report (JADER) Database

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Hyponatremia is among the most prevalent electrolyte abnormalities observed in patients with cancer during chemotherapy. Therefore, managing hyponatremia is crucial since it causes a severe electrolyte imbalance that can lead to significant mortality, and this study aimed to investigate the relationship between hyponatremia, anticancer drugs, and cancer types. Materials and Methods: Reported odds ratios were calculated and evaluated based on adverse event reports submitted to the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. Results: Overall, 2943 patients had hyponatremia. Notably, cisplatin, pemetrexed, and etoposide had marked hyponatremia signals. In addition, significant hyponatremia signals were detected for oesophageal, lung, and renal cancers. Conclusions: Hyponatremia has been reported in women and patients with lung cancer receiving cisplatin, with a growing trend in the number of elderly patients receiving cisplatin. Furthermore, since the onset of hyponatremia during cisplatin administration is frequently reported within 10 days, patient information should be thoroughly examined before and monitored throughout the administration, which can contribute to the early detection and prevention of hyponatremia.