Acupuncture for Treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author:

Ang Lin1ORCID,Kim Jung Tae23,Kim Kibong24ORCID,Lee Hye Won5,Choi Jun-Yong67,Kim Eunseop8,Lee Myeong Soo19ORCID

Affiliation:

1. KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea

2. Department of Korean Pediatrics, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea

3. I-MOM Korean Medicine Clinic, Jeju-si 63232, Republic of Korea

4. Department of Korean Pediatrics, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea

5. KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea

6. Department of Korean Internal Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea

7. Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea

8. You and Green Korean Medicine Clinic, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea

9. Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. However, it is uncertain whether the use of acupuncture (AT) in children with ADHD is supported by the current evidence. This review aims to provide updated evidence of the effectiveness of acupuncture in children with ADHD. Methods: Nine databases were searched from their inception to 28 July 2022. Two authors independently screened potentially eligible studies. The quality assessment of the selected studies was performed using Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). The characteristics of the included studies were presented in a tabular form, and a meta-analysis was performed on the treatment effects of AT on ADHD symptoms. Results: Fourteen studies involving 1185 patients evaluating the efficacy of AT for ADHD treatment were included in this review. Compared to conventional medicine alone, the meta-analysis indicated that AT as an add-on to conventional medicine has a positive effect on improving conduct problems, learning problems, hyperactivity–impulsivity, and hyperactivity symptoms in ADHD patients. Similarly, AT alone was found to improve learning problems, hyperactivity–impulsivity, and hyperactivity symptoms in ADHD patients and exhibited better total treatment efficacy than conventional medicine alone. No major adverse events were reported. The risk of bias of the included studies was generally concerning. Conclusions: Evidence on the effectiveness of AT for ADHD patients is currently too limited to provide recommendations for its usage. More studies with the proper methodology are needed for the validation of AT interventions in treating children with ADHD.

Funder

Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

Reference27 articles.

1. Magnus, W., Nazir, S., Anilkumar, A.C., and Shaban, K. (2022). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, StatPearls Publishing.

2. Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Adaptive Functions: A Study of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and/or Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD);Scandurra;Front. Psychiatry,2019

3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022, December 05). Treatment of ADHD, Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/treatment.html.

4. Wolraich, M. (2023, February 16). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children. BMJ Best Practice. Available online: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/142.

5. Effect of combination of acupuncture and psychological intervention on attention, response inhibition and cerebral blood flow in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder;Zhang;Zhongguo Zhen Jiu,2021

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