First-Time Acute Lateral Patellar Dislocation in Children and Adolescents: What about Unaffected Knee Patellofemoral Joint Anatomic Abnormalities?

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Acute lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) is the most common acute knee disorder in children and adolescents, and may lead to functional disability. The purpose of this study was to identify key differences and correlations of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) morphology between intact and contralateral injured knees in a first-time traumatic LPD population aged under 18 years. Materials and Methods: The data were gathered prospectively from a cohort of 58 patients (35 girls and 23 boys). The prevalence and combined prevalence of patella alta (PA) and trochlear dysplasia (TD) in both knees of patients were evaluated using X-ray by two radiologists. Results: The PFJ of patients’ intact knees had a lower rate of TD (1.72% vs. 5.2%) and a less common combination of PA with shallow femoral sulcus (SFS) (22.4% vs. 44.8%) but more frequent PA (62.1% vs. 41.4%) compared with their injured knees. We noted statistically significant positive correlations (SSPCs) between the femoral sulcus angle (FSA) and PA in patients with intact (r = 0.37; p < 0.005) and contralateral injured knees (r = 0.33; p < 0.05). Conclusion: There were SSPCs between the FSA and PA in both gender and age groups of patients with intact and contralateral injured knees. The SSPCs between the FSA and PA of intact knees were higher in the patients with a more dysplastic PFJ anatomy (PA and TD) of the injured knees as compared to patients with only PA of the injured knees.