Whey Peptide Alleviates Muscle Atrophy by Strongly Regulating Myocyte Differentiation in Mice

Author:

Lee Jin A12,Shin Mi-Rae1ORCID,Kim Minju2ORCID,Kim Hwa-Young3,Choi Hwang-Yong3,Seo Yoojin3,Choi Hakjoo1,Roh Seong-Soo1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Herbology, Daegu Haany University, Deagu 42158, Republic of Korea

2. Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, 1, Hanuidae-ro, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Republic of Korea

3. Ju Yeong NS Co., Ltd., Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Muscle atrophy occurs when protein degradation exceeds protein synthesis, resulting in imbalanced protein homeostasis, compromised muscle contraction, and a reduction in muscle mass. The incidence of muscle atrophy is increasingly recognized as a significant worldwide public health problem. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of whey peptide (WP) on muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone (DEX) in mice. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups, each consisting of nine individuals. WPs were orally administered to C57BL/6 mice for 6 weeks. DEX was administered for 5–6 weeks to induce muscle atrophy (intraperitoneal injection, i.p.). Results: Microcomputer tomography (CT) analysis confirmed that WP significantly increased calf muscle volume and surface area in mice with DEX-induced muscle atrophy, as evidenced by tissue staining. Furthermore, it increased the area of muscle fibers and facilitated greater collagen deposition. Moreover, WP significantly decreased the levels of serum biomarkers associated with muscle damage, kidney function, and inflammatory cytokines. WP increased p-mTOR and p-p70S6K levels through the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway, while concurrently decreasing protein catabolism via the FOXO pathway. Furthermore, the expression of proteins associated with myocyte differentiation increased noticeably. Conclusions: These results confirm that WP reduces muscle atrophy by regulating muscle protein homeostasis. Additionally, it is believed that it helps to relieve muscle atrophy by regulating the expression of myocyte differentiation factors. Therefore, we propose that WP plays a significant role in preventing and treating muscle wasting by functioning as a supplement to counteract muscle atrophy.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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