1. Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
2. Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
3. Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
4. School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
5. Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan