The Relationship of Cholesterol Responses to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Lung Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author:

Jundi Bakr1ORCID,Ahmed Huma1,Reece Joshua1,Geraghty Patrick1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY 11203, USA

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is frequently reported in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and is linked to the progression of the disease and its comorbidities. Hypercholesterolemia leads to cholesterol accumulation in many cell types, especially immune cells, and some recent studies suggest that cholesterol impacts lung epithelial cells’ inflammatory responses and mitochondrial responses. Several studies also indicate that targeting cholesterol responses with either statins or liver X receptor (LXR) agonists may be plausible means of improving pulmonary outcomes. Equally, cholesterol metabolism and signaling are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation attributed to COPD progression. Here, we review the current literature focusing on the impact of cigarette smoke on cholesterol levels, cholesterol efflux, and the influence of cholesterol on immune and mitochondrial responses within the lungs.

Funder

Alpha-1 Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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