Relationship of Hearing Loss to Parkinson’s Disease, Dementia, and APOE Genotype in Adults

Author:

Cha Chih-Hung1ORCID,Lin Tsu-Kung23ORCID,Wu Ching-Nung1ORCID,Yang Chao-Hui1ORCID,Huang Yi-Wen2,Hwang Chung-Feng1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan

2. Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan

3. Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan

Abstract

Background: Hearing loss has been recognized as a risk factor for dementia and non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The apolipoprotein E (APOE) protein contributes to maintenance and repair of neuronal cell membranes, causing age-related disorders. This study aimed to analyze the impact of hearing loss on cognitive impairment, PD severity, and APOE gene expression in these patients. Methods: A total of 72 out-patients diagnosed with either PD or hearing loss were enrolled in this study. The hearing assessment included pure-tone audiometry, speech reception thresholds, and speech discrimination ability. Dementia was assessed by filling out the Clinical Dementia Rating and Mini-Mental State Examination questionnaires. The severity of PD was assessed using the Modified Hoehn and Yahr scale. Blood samples were tested for the gene expression of APOE. Results: Out of the 72 cases, there were 44 males and 28 females, with an average age of 64.4 ± 9.1 years. A total of 41 out of 72 cases had dementia and had a worse hearing threshold than those without dementia (47.1 ± 24.4 vs. 31.7 ± 22.1 dB, p = 0.006). A total of 58 patients were diagnosed with PD, with 14 of them classified as having severe symptoms (Modified Hoehn and Yahr scale > 2). Patients with severe PD were found to have a worse hearing threshold (49.6 ± 28.3 vs. 30.3 ± 17.8 dB, p = 0.028) and higher prevalence of dementia (12/14 vs. 18/44, p = 0.006). Among 10 individuals with the APOE ε4 gene, the prevalence of dementia was higher than those without the ε4 allele (9/10 vs. 32/62, p = 0.036). Conclusions: Hearing loss is common in severe PD and in dementia patients. Severe PD has a negative impact on the hearing threshold and cognitive dysfunction. Patients with APOE ε4 have a higher prevalence of dementia.

Funder

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Research Program

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference39 articles.

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