The Relationship between Depression Symptoms and Physical Activity in Children with Idiopathic Ventricular Extrasystoles

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Depression in childhood often co-occurs with anxiety disorders and a range of somatic symptoms. Recent studies have identified physical activity as a target for preventing the onset of depression. However, idiopathic ventricular extrasystoles (VEs) in children are sometimes associated with somatic symptoms and limitations in physical activity. The occurrence of arrhythmia can also be distressing for children and their parents. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between symptoms of depression, physical activity, and somatic symptoms in children with idiopathic VE. Materials and Methods: This study of children with structurally normal hearts and VE was approved by the local ethics committee (no. 2021/10-1383˗859(1). The authors designed a questionnaire to assess symptoms, physical activity, and general well-being. As part of that, symptoms of depression were evaluated with a modified pediatric PHQ-9 (MP-PHQ-9) questionnaire, with scores ≤4 for no, 5–9 for mild, 10–14 for moderate, and ≥15 for severe depression. Children aged ≥12 years and parents who assessed their children’s condition completed the questionnaires. All children also underwent 24-h electrocardiography and echocardiography to evaluate arrhythmia frequency and cardiac condition. Results: Questionnaires were completed by 60 children’s parents and 39 children (≥12 years old). The median children’s age was 13 years. Palpitations were experienced by 26 (43.3%), chest pain by 13 (21.7%), and exercise intolerance by 15 (25%) children. All patients had normal ventricular function and hemodynamically normal hearts. The median score of the MP-PHQ-9 completed by parents was 2, and by children was 4. The median VE frequency was 4.77 (0.1–32.77) % per 24 h. We found that 31 (51.7%) children engaged in extra-sports participation with a median time of 3.75 h per week. Eleven of the children were suspended from sports. There was no significant difference between VE frequency and MP-PHQ-9 scores. Higher MP-PHQ-9 scores were noted for symptomatic children who engaged in <5 h per week of physical activity. Conclusions: Higher depression scores were found for children with somatic symptoms than those without symptoms. Children who were physically active for less than 5 h per week also had higher depression risk scores than those who were more active. Our research has shown that parents underestimate the signs of depression in their children.