Effects of Chewing Exerciser on the Recovery of Masticatory Function Recovery after Orthognathic Surgery: A Single-Center Randomized Clinical Trial, a Preliminary Study

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the chewing exerciser (CE) on the functional recovery of the masticatory muscles after orthognathic surgery. Material and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery including bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Postoperative physiotherapy (PT) was performed for 3 weeks starting 3 weeks after the surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: control (Con) (conventional PT) group and CE group (use of CE in addition to conventional PT). The masticatory function was evaluated based on three standards: bite force (BF), amount of mouth opening (MO), and surface electromyography (sEMG) of the anterior temporal muscle (TA), masseter muscle (MM), sternocleidomastoid muscle, and anterior belly of digastric muscle before, 3 weeks (before PT) and 6 weeks after the surgery (after PT). Results: Finally, 22 subjects participated in this study: 10 patients for Con group and 12 patients for CE group. In both groups, the BF, which was reduced significantly after the surgery, recovered after the PT similar to that before the surgery. In both groups, the MO was also significantly reduced by the surgery. However, it did not recover as much, as it was before the surgery after applying the PT. There was no difference in BF and MO between the two groups. All muscles did not show significant changes in sEMG by surgery and PT at both resting and clenching states. Conclusion: Applying CE as a PT after orthognathic surgery did not cause any harmful side effects. In both groups, the weakened muscle activity after orthognathic surgery (OGS) was adequately restored 6 weeks after the surgery. However, CE did not offer a statistically significant benefit to the masticatory function in the recovery process after OGS.