Anatomical Study of the Ventral Upper Arm Muscles with a Case Report of the Accessory Coracobrachialis Muscle

Author:

Vrzgula Marko1ORCID,Mihalik Jozef1ORCID,Vicen Martin2,Hvizdošová Natália1,Hodorová Ingrid1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 04180 Košice, Slovakia

2. Department of Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine, AGEL Hospital Košice-Šaca, 04015 Košice-Šaca, Slovakia

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The muscles in the upper arm are categorized into two groups: ventral muscles, which include the biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis, and dorsal muscles comprising the triceps brachii and anconeus. These muscles are positioned in a way that they contribute to movements at the shoulder and elbow joints. Given the importance of the upper arm muscles for various reasons, they need to be well-known by medical professionals. Ventral upper arm muscles exhibit various topographical and morphological variations. Understanding these variations is critical from both anatomical and clinical standpoints. Therefore, our aim was to conduct an anatomical study focusing on these muscles and potentially identify ventral upper arm muscle variations that could contribute to the broader understanding of this area. For this anatomical study, 32 upper limbs obtained from 16 adult cadavers were dissected. Case report: During our anatomical survey, an accessory coracobrachialis muscle in the left upper extremity of one cadaver was discovered. This additional muscle was located anterior to the classical coracobrachialis muscle and measured 162 mm in length. It originated from the distal anterior surface of the coracoid process and was inserted into the middle third of the humeral shaft. The accessory muscle was supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve. No apparent anatomic variations were observed in the other upper arm muscles in any of the cadavers. Conclusions: Gaining insight into the ventral upper arm muscle variations holds vital significance in both anatomy and clinical practice, as they can influence surgical approaches, rehabilitation strategies, and the interpretation of imaging studies. Based on the morphological characteristics of the accessory coracobrachialis muscle discovered in our case, we hypothesize that it could have caused an atypical palpable mass in the medial brachial area, adjacent to the short head of the biceps brachii.

Funder

Cultural and Educational Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

Reference24 articles.

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2. Tiwana, M.S., Sinkler, M.A., and Bordoni, B. (2023, June 19). Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Triceps Muscle, StatPearls [Internet], Available online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536996/.

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