Competence of Combined Low Dose of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) and Clomiphene Citrate (CC) Versus Continued CC during Ovulation Induction in Women with CC-Resistant Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread endocrine disorder affecting 5–18% of females in their childbearing age. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of combining a low dosage of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) along with clomiphene citrate (CC) for stimulating ovulation in infertile women diagnosed with CC-resistant PCOS. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out on 300 infertile CC-resistant PCOS women. All participants were assigned to two groups: the CC-HCG group and the CC-Placebo group. Subjects in the CC-HCG group were given CC (150 mg/day for 5 days starting on the 2nd day of the cycle) and HCG (200 IU/day SC starting on the 7th day of the cycle). Subjects in the CC-Placebo group were given CC and a placebo. The number of ovarian follicles > 18 mm, cycle cancellation rate, endometrial thickness, ovulation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and occurrence of early ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome were all outcome variables in the primary research. Results: Data from 138 individuals in the CC-HCG group and 131 participants in the CC-Placebo group were subjected to final analysis. In comparison to the CC-Placebo group, the cycle cancellation rate in the CC-HCG group was considerably lower. The CC-HCG group exhibited a substantial increase in ovarian follicles reaching > 18 mm, endometrial thickness, and ovulation rate. The clinical pregnancy rate was higher in the CC-HCG group (7.2% vs. 2.3%; CC-HCG vs. CC-Placebo). Upon adjusting for BMI and age, the findings of our study revealed that individuals in the CC-HCG group who had serum prolactin levels below 20 (ng/mL), secondary infertility, infertility duration less than 4 years, baseline LH/FSH ratios below 1.5, and serum AMH levels more than 4 (ng/mL) had a higher likelihood of achieving pregnancy. In the CC-Placebo group, there was a greater prediction of clinical pregnancy for those with serum AMH (<4), primary infertility, serum prolactin ≤ 20 (ng/mL), baseline LH/FSH < 1.5, and infertility duration < 4 years. Conclusions: The use of a small dose of HCG along with CC appeared to be an effective treatment in reducing cycle cancelation, improving the clinical pregnancy rate and ovulation rate in CC-resistant PCOS patients. The trial was registered with Clinical Trials.gov, identifier NCT02436226