The Association between Serum Levels of 25[OH]D, Body Weight Changes and Body Composition Indices in Patients with Heart Failure

Abstract

We try to determine the association between weight changes (WC), both loss or gain, body composition indices (BCI) and serum levels of 25[OH]D during heart failure (HF). WC was determined in 412 patients (14.3% female, aged: 53.6 ± 10.0 years, NYHA class: 2.5 ± 0.8). Body fat, fat percentage and fat-free mass determined by dual energy X-rays absorptiometry (DEXA) and serum levels of 25[OH]D were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for 25[OH]D insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) or deficiency (<20 ng/mL) by quintiles of WC, in comparison to weight-stable subgroup. The serum 25[OH]D was lower in weight loosing than weight stable subgroup. In fully adjusted models the risk of either insufficient or deficient 25[OH]D levels was independent of BCI and HF severity markers. The risk was elevated in higher weight loss subgroups but also in weight gain subgroup. In full adjustment, the odds for 25[OH]D deficiency in the top weight loss and weight gain subgroups were 3.30; 95%CI: 1.37–7.93, p = 0.008 and 2.41; 95%CI: 0.91–6.38, p = 0.08, respectively. The risk of 25[OH]D deficiency/insufficiency was also independently associated with potential UVB exposure, but not with nutritional status and BCI. Metabolic instability in HF was reflected by edema-free WC, but not nutritional status. BCI is independently associated with deficiency/insufficiency of serum 25[OH]D.