Not All Levels of Social Re-Inclusion Allow for Recovery from Negative Outcomes of Social Exclusion: The Moderating Role of Self-Esteem-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Not All Levels of Social Re-Inclusion Allow for Recovery from Negative Outcomes of Social Exclusion: The Moderating Role of Self-Esteem

Published:2024-01-25 Issue:2 Volume:14 Page:88
ISSN:2076-328X
Container-title:Behavioral Sciences
language:en
Short-container-title:Behavioral Sciences

Author:

Kuang Beibei¹²,Ng Sik Hung²,Peng Shenli²³,Hu Ping²,Wei Yanqiu²

Affiliation:

1. College of International Relations, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 210039, China

2. Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China

3. College of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

Abstract

Previous studies on social exclusion have focused on its adverse effects, rarely exploring how social re-inclusion can aid recovery from exclusion-induced distress. The level of social re-inclusion that can help individuals recover from social exclusion, and whether the recovery effect is influenced by individual characteristics are unclear. The present experimental study extends the Cyberball paradigm, adding a re-inclusion stage to explore the recovery effects of four levels of social re-inclusion on affect; furthermore, it tests the moderating role of self-esteem in the recovery effect. A total of 154 Chinese college students participated in the experiment. Results showed that (1) recovery was effective when the level of re-inclusion was equal to (replica re-inclusion) or greater than (moderate and high over-re-inclusions) the pre-exclusion level of inclusion, but ineffective when it was below this level (token re-inclusion); (2) the re-inclusion level positively predicted recovery, and this was moderated by self-esteem—the prediction was effective for participants with middle and high self-esteem, but not for participants with low self-esteem. These results are discussed from a group process and self-psychology perspective.

Funder

Research Project of National University of Defense Technology

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Behavioral Neuroscience,General Psychology,Genetics,Development,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/14/2/88/pdf

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