Effect of Current Waveforms during Directed Energy Deposition of 4043 Aluminum Alloy on Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear of Alloy-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Effect of Current Waveforms during Directed Energy Deposition of 4043 Aluminum Alloy on Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear of Alloy

Published:2023-10-16 Issue:20 Volume:16 Page:6716
ISSN:1996-1944
Container-title:Materials
language:en
Short-container-title:Materials

Author:

Ujjwal Kumar¹^ORCID,Anand Kumar Katipalli¹,Anand Mukul¹,Singh Raman R. K.²³^ORCID,Das Alok Kumar¹^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India

2. Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia

3. Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia

Abstract

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was employed to fabricate 4043 aluminum alloy walls. To investigate the effects of sinusoidal, triangular, and rectangular waveforms of alternating current (AC) and their transients on the wall geometry, microstructure evolution, hardness, and wear properties were evaluated. The root mean square (RMS) current value was maximum for the rectangular and minimum for the triangular waveform. The section produced by the triangular waveform had the highest height-to-width ratio, indicating that this waveform can be a favorable choice for creating components using WAAM. The optical micrographs of the transverse cross-section of the printed sections revealed the grain structure produced with this waveform to be heterogeneous, having a columnar dendritic structure at the bottom and equiaxed at the top portion. The waveforms also had an impact on the hardness and wear characteristics of all the walls, which were attributed to their cooling rate.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Materials Science

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/20/6716/pdf

Reference41 articles.

1. Langelandsvik, G., Akselsen, O.M., Furu, T., and Roven, H.J. (2021). Review of aluminum alloy development for wire arc additive manufacturing. Materials, 14.

2. Singh, R., Raj, B., Mudali, U.K., and Singh, P. (2022, December 14). Non-Destructive Evaluation of Corrosion and Corrosion-Assisted Cracking. Available online: https://www.wiley.com/en-au/non+destructive+evaluation+of+corrosion+and+corrosion+assisted+cracking-p-9781118350058.

3. (2015). Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing–General Principles–Terminology (Standard No. ISO/ASTM 52900:2015). Available online: http://compass.astm.org/EDIT/html_annot.cgi?ISOASTM52900+15.

4. Ujjwal, K., Anand, M., Bishwakarma, H., and Das, A.K. (2023). Effect of clamping position on the residual stress in wire arc additive manufacturing. Int. J. Mater. Res.

5. Fabrication of multilayer thin wall by WAAM technique and investigation of its microstructure and mechanical properties;Anand;Mater. Today Proc.,2022