Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of varying wind speeds (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 m/s), initial payload volumes (2 and 10 L), and nozzle droplet size characteristics (fine, medium, coarse) on drift during spray applications from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hovering freely in a wind tunnel. Along the length of the wind tunnel, glass slides were used to collect spray droplets at 14 points distributed in upwind, in-swath, and downwind distances. Analysis of the results showed that there are distinguishable shifts of up to 2 m in-swath as wind speed increases. Downwind of the UAV, a regression of the combined variables indicated that tunnel wind speed changed deposition the most overall, followed by nozzle/droplet size. Initial payload volume was less impactful. Overall, faster wind speeds, finer droplet sizes, and a heavier initial payload were associated with more drift on average. Wind directions and speeds were also measured on a finer scale of tunnel locations to record airflow pattern variability especially closer to the UAV. These findings may provide guidance to regulators and applicators to identify operating conditions for UAVs that limit off-target movement during applications.
Subject
Artificial Intelligence,Computer Science Applications,Aerospace Engineering,Information Systems,Control and Systems Engineering
Reference42 articles.
1. Session 4: UAVs;Proceedings of the Pesticide Program Dialogue Committee,2019
2. Challenges of Aircraft and Drone Spray Applications
3. Drones Manual—Stewardship Guidance for Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Uavs) for Application of Crop. Protection Products,2020
4. Emerging Application Technologies;US EPA
5. A User’s Guide for Agdrift 2.0.07: A Tiered Approach for the Assessment of Spray Drift of Pesticides,2003
Cited by
9 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献