A Highly Effective, UV-Curable, Intumescent, Flame-Retardant Coating Containing Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Sulfur, Based on Thiol-Ene Click Reaction

Abstract

In this paper, a flame-retardant, UV-cured coating was prepared on the fiber composites’ (FC) surface via a thiol-ene click reaction using pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), triallyl cyanurate (TAC), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate (PM-2). The synergistic effectiveness of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) was studied in detail by changing the proportion of these reactants. Sample S4(N3P2)6, with a molar ratio of N and P elements of 3:2, and the thiol and vinyl groups of 4:6 had the highest LOI value (28.6%) and was self-extinguishing in the horizontal combustion test. It had the lowest peak heat release rate (PHRR) value (279.25 kW/m2) and total smoke production (2.18 m2). Moreover, the thermogravimetric analysis (TG) showed that the decomposition process of the coated composites was delayed. The conversion rate of the double bond and the thiol of S4(N3P2)6 was 100% and 92.0%, respectively, which showed that the cross-linked network structure was successfully formed. The tensile strength and the flexural strength of coated composites improved, and the transparency of the coating can reach 90%. These characteristics showed that the UV-cured coatings could be used in industrial production to effectively prevent fires.