Transdiagnostic Perspective of Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Obesity: From Cognitive Profile to Self-Reported Dimensions in Clinical Samples with and without Diabetes

Author:

Testa Giulia,Mora-Maltas Bernat,Camacho-Barcia LucíaORCID,Granero RoserORCID,Lucas IgnacioORCID,Agüera ZaidaORCID,Jiménez-Murcia SusanaORCID,Baños RosaORCID,Bertaina-Anglade Valerie,Botella Cristina,Bulló MònicaORCID,Casanueva Felipe F.ORCID,Dalsgaard Søren,Fernández-Real José-ManuelORCID,Franke BarbaraORCID,Frühbeck GemaORCID,Fitó Montserrat,Gómez-Martínez Carlos,Pintó XavierORCID,Poelmans Geert,Tinahones Francisco J.,Torre Rafael de laORCID,Salas-Salvadó JordiORCID,Serra-Majem LluisORCID,Vos Stephanie,Wimberley Theresa,Fernández-Aranda FernandoORCID

Abstract

Impulsive and compulsive behaviors have both been observed in individuals with obesity. The co-occurrence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more strongly associated with impulsivity, although there are no conclusive results yet. A multidimensional assessment of impulsivity and compulsivity was conducted in individuals with obesity in the absence or presence of T2D, compared with healthy, normal-weight individuals, with highly impulsive patients (gambling disorders), and with highly compulsive patients (anorexia nervosa). Decision making and novelty seeking were used to measure impulsivity, and cognitive flexibility and harm avoidance were used for compulsivity. For impulsivity, patients with obesity and T2D showed poorer decision-making ability compared with healthy individuals. For compulsivity, individuals with only obesity presented less cognitive flexibility and high harm avoidance; these dimensions were not associated with obesity with T2D. This study contributes to the knowledge of the mechanisms associated with diabetes and its association with impulsive–compulsive behaviors, confirming the hypothesis that patients with obesity and T2D would be characterized by higher levels of impulsivity.

Funder

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Department of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics

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