Improved Performance of Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane Using TCPP by Post-Modification Method

Abstract

Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes have found great application in sewage purification and desalination due to their high permeation flux and high rejection rate for contaminants under low-pressure conditions, but the flux and antifouling ability of UF membranes needs to be improved. Tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) has good hydrophilicity, and it is protonated under strongly acidic conditions and then forms strong hydrogen bonds with N, O and S, so that the TCPP would be well anchored in the membrane. In this work, NaHCO3 was used to dissolve TCPP and TMC (trimesoyl chloride) was used to produce a strong acid. Then, TCPP was modified in a membrane with a different rejection rate by a method similar to interfacial polymerization. Performance tests of TCPP/polysulfone (PSf) membranes show that for the membrane with a high BSA (bovine serum albumin) rejection, when the ratio of NaHCO3 to TCPP is 16:1 (wt.%), the pure water flux of membrane Z1 16:1 is increased by 34% (from 455 to 614 Lm−2h−1bar−1) while the membrane retention was maintained above 95%. As for the membrane with a low BSA rejection, when the ratio of NaHCO3 to TCPP was 32:1, the rejection of membrane B2 32:1 was found to increase from 81% to 96%. Although the flux of membrane B2 32:1 decreased, it remained at 638 Lm−2h−1bar−1, which is comparable to the reported polymer ultrafiltration membrane. The above dual results are thought to be attributed to the synergistic effect of protonated TCPP and NaHCO3, where the former increases membrane flux and the latter increases the membrane rejection rate. This work provides a way for the application of porphyrin and porphyrin framework materials in membrane separation.