Exploring the Potential of Tomato Processing Byproduct as a Natural Antioxidant in Reformulated Nitrite-Free Sausages

Abstract

This study evaluated the potential of two dried processing by products, obtained from large and cherry tomatoes (LT and CT) after juice extraction to improve the oxidative stability of pork sausages during refrigerated storage for 20 days. For this purpose, reformulated nitrite-free sausages were manufactured by supplementation of raw sausage samples with dried large and cherry tomato processing byproducts (DLTB and DCTB) at a dose that provides a level of polyphenolic compounds equally with 50, 90, 180 and 270 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/kg of processed meat. The developed sausage formulas were subjected to heat treatment, such as smoking and drying and, smoking and scalding, respectively. The reformulated nitrite-free sausages were compared with control samples of sausages with or without the addition of sodium nitrite. Large and cherry tomatoes and their raw and dried processing byproducts were investigated for total and individual polyphenols content as well as lycopene content. The sausage formulas were evaluated in terms of proximate composition. Additionally, the progress of lipid oxidation developed in sausage formulas was assessed by specific indices, such as peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (p-AV), TOTOX value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA), after 1, 10 and 20 days of storage at 4 °C. Based on the values of PV, p-AV, TOTOX and TBA, it can be stated that the dried tomato processing byproducts applied at doses that ensure a level of polyphenolic compounds of at least 180 mg GAE/kg of processed meat for DCTB and 270 mg GAE/kg of processed meat for DLTB, showed promising potential to replace sodium nitrite in meat products for both dried and scalded sausage formulas. For the same dose of tomato processing byproducts, it was noted a stronger inhibitory effect against lipid oxidation in the case of smoked and scalded sausages compared to smoked and dried ones.